How to convert ipv4 to ipv6 pdf

IPSec contains a set of cryptographic protocols for ensuring secure data communication and key exchange. The main protocols used are:. Thus, IPv6 ensures that there are end-to-end security mechanisms that will provide authentication and encryption abilities to all applications and thereby eliminates the need for applications themselves to have integrated support for such abilities. The added benefit of using the same security mechanisms for all applications is that setting up and administering security policies becomes a lot simpler.

IPv6 allows for complete end-to-end security thereby allowing for a new set of personalized services to be deployed such as mobile e-commerce services that rely on secure transactions. QoS is given a special boost in the IPv6 protocol with the IPv6 header containing a new field, called Flow Label field that defines how particular packets are identified and handled by the routers. The Flow Label field allows packets that belong to a particular flow, in other words, that start from a particular host and head to a particular destination, to be identified and handled quickly and efficiently by the routers.

The Flow Label Field thus ensures that there is more efficient delivery of information from one end to another without the possibility of it being modified by intermediate systems. This ensures a high degree of QoS especially for peer-to-peer applications like VoIP and other real-time applications. In a multicast technique, a packet is copied from one stage down to another in a hierarchical tree-like structure, instead of sending it from the source directly.

This means that there are fewer packets in the network thereby optimizing bandwidth utilization and also reducing the resources required at each network node. This multicast technique is particularly useful when streams of information have to be made available to a wide variety of connected devices and not just one single destination. For example, the multicast technique is used to relay audio data, video data, news feeds, and financial data feeds, and so on.

IPv6 extends the multicasting capabilities of IPv4 by offering a large multicast address range. Obviously, this limits the degree to which the information packets have now to be propagated and significantly improves network efficiency. IPv6 also improves dramatically on the concept of anycast services, which is available, though in a very minimal form in IPv4. In anycast services, packets are not sent to all the nodes in the network but only to the nearest reachable member. A typical application where anycast would be of tremendous use says, while discovering a server of a given type e.

It will also provide redundant paths to other servers so that if for some reason, the route to the primary server becomes unavailable, in the next session, a connection will be provided to the next server in the group.

When we consider IP mobility features we are essentially considering features that would be useful for:.

When a mobile node is not at home, it conveys information about its present location, also called, care-of-address to the home agent. Now if a node wants to communicate with this mobile mode, it will first send the information packets to the home address.

The home agent receives these packets and using a table, sends these packets to the care-of-address of the mobile node. Route optimization is a built-in feature for mobile IPv6.

Further, features like Neighbor Discovery and Address Auto-configuration allow mobile nodes to function in any location without needing the services of any special router. MIPv6 can be used to achieve seamless mobility by allowing handovers between different access technologies say from example from a cellular network to a wireless network, with minimum interruption to ongoing connections.

There is no ingress-filtering problem in Mobile IPv6 because the correspondent node uses the care-of address as the source address.

These devices increasingly demand delivery of converged voice, video, and data, which is made possible through a standard called the IP Multimedia Subsystem IMS standard. However IMS requires that each mobile device have a unique IP address, which is a persistent IP address in order to ensure full bi-directional services.

IPv6 through its large address space ensures that each mobile device can have its own unique IP address. Further, Mobile IPv6 makes use of the extension headers to add powerful capabilities such as route optimizations between mobile nodes, when roaming between different 3G networks.

When an existing network is to be expanded or two networks to be merged, or when service providers are changed, a network needs to be renumbered, as a new address scheme will be assigned to it. IPv6 provides capabilities so that network renumbering can happen automatically. Thus, network renumbering with IPv6 will no longer requires manual reconfiguration of each host and router and makes for smoother switchovers or mergers.

Another useful administrative feature of IPv6 is its multihoming technique. In this simultaneous connections are established to two ISPS. When service to one ISP is lost, there is a back-up connection to the Internet.

This ensures far greater reliability of services, as there is more than one path from the host to the destination. IPv4 has been successfully deployed the world over for many years now and its popularity is a testament to the success of its design. IPv6 follows many of the same design features that made IPv4 so successful. This makes it possible to have a smooth transition from IPv4 to IPv6. There are many commercially attractive applications in the market today that require IPv6 and may tempt many to go in for a rapid transition to IPv6.

However, IPv4 applications will be used for some time to come and the process of transition from IPv4 to IPv6 must be a gradual one. A successful IPv4 to IPv6 transition mechanism is one in which IPv6 elements are incorporated into the network while at the same time compatibility is maintained with the pre-existing, large base of IPv4 hosts and routers.

Thus, for some time to come, IPv6 hosts and routers must interact and function with the existing IPv4 network infrastructure. A number of such transition mechanisms have been defined that allow for the two networks to co-exist until such a time that a complete migration to IPv6 is not feasible.

Things like logfile analysis need to be made v6-aware. Network Infrastructures — Your routers need to support IPv6. Generally, computers and routers, etc. The Firewalls — You need to duplicate your firewall rules in IPv6. If you are running NAT because you could not get enough IPv4 addresses, you could just drop it and run v6. If you are relying on NAT for security, you need to add firewall rules. You can end up with things working but not having well-defined addresses — i.

The IPv4 address can still be written in IPv6 notation. When the computer tries to send the data, it gets broken down into small chunks, called packets.

To ensure that these packets lands on the correct destination, each includes the IP information. Internet Protocol IP is the set of rules that helps and facilitates the routing of data packets to move across the network and land on the correct destination. Each device or domain on the internet has a unique IP address that identifies and distinguishes it from other devices on the network. The IP address you might be familiar with looks like this: 8. IPv4, also known as the Internet Protocol Version 4, is the type of protocol launched way back in in the ARPANET and still the most well-known and used version to identify the devices on the internet.

The IPv4 address uses a bit address, which is the most familiar type that you see when you search for an IP. The bit address space provides almost 4. However, some of them are reserved for private use. An example of an IPv4 address is 1. The IPv6 address uses a bit address format and includes both numbers and letters. You can also compress the IPv6 with this tool.

The exponential growth in demand for the internet led to the shortage of IPv4 addresses. The IPv6 addresses system provides room for nearly an infinite number of IP addresses.

There are some technical differences between IPv4 and IPv6. But an average user does not need to know them.