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Show all Show less. Need more help? Give Feedback. Did you find this information useful? Thank you. The first gave birth to Legism, and the second to the Cosmologist School.

At that time, nation and ethnicity were not yet clearly distinguished In our view, it is only after the revolution that the concept of a Chinese nation will encompass the various ethnic groups on an equal footing.

In the Dutch Indies, bangsa Tionghoa was used to designate the Chinese community living in the colony, which, because of the political pressure exerted by the colonizers, was in the process of formation; sometimes also, this term refers to the Chinese nation as a whole. Whether in China or the Dutch East Indies, the introduction and spread of the concept of nation have very close relations with the press. In his famous study, Anderson defined the nation as "an imaginary, imagined, inherently limited and sovereign political community.

This book caught our attention because of the author's personal experience and his research in the Indonesian field. In this work, 99 the discussion begins with the cultural roots and origins of the national consciousness, then Anderson examines successively three waves of national movements that took place respectively in the Americas, Europe and the Asian and African colonies.

There is no need to summarize here all the ideas of this author. We will focus on a few fundamental factors that, according to Anderson, played a determining role in the formation of modern nations and the emergence of nationalist movements: print languages, "the capitalism of print " print- capitalism and the new idea of simultaneity These three aspects provide us with points of departure for reflecting on the emergence of the concept of bangsa Tionghoa among Sino-Indonesians in the early twentieth century.

This is evident in the inscriptions erected in the ancestral temples founded in the second half of the 19th century. This conception of society allowed a very large number of Chinese, even those established in the Netherlands Indies for generations, to identify themselves spontaneously.

And of the 20th century, in relation to the transformations of political conceptions on a world scale, this natural identity is reconstructed in a new socio-political framework.

In , no one could identify with the bangsa Tionghoa, but in , the writers of the Sin Po no longer hesitated to use this term to bring together the Chinese of the Dutch Indies.

In elucidating these ideas, Anderson cites "four fictions of different cultures and eras," written in the nineteenth century, and the twentieth century, three of which are linked to nationalist movements Comparing the Sanguo yanyi with these novels, we believe that it also includes simultaneity in its narration but, as an older historical novel, it is obviously different from the four fictions cited. It is primarily based on true facts and the imagination plays only a marginal role.

Apparently, Anderson was unaware of the existence of these printed novels, translated from Chinese, which have been widely read in the Dutch Indies at least since the s. If, like Anderson, the press and the novel are used to the idea of simultaneity, which is transversal, and to promote modern and national thoughts, Chinese historical novels, in fact, provided Peranakan with an understanding of history, as well as a chronological, vertical succession.

The printed book, like the newspaper, provides more contemporary knowledge and information. In the archipelago, the almost simultaneous consumption of the newspaper allowed peranakan readers to become aware of the fact that they formed a community, which read the same texts at the same time using the vehicular Malay of Java as a language of printing.

The Sino-Malayan press and Sin Po in particular played a significant role in shaping national consciousness and the emergence of the nationalist movement. Nowadays in Indonesia, the Sanguo yanyi, although still considered a famous novel, has lost its importance, and its influence on the new generations of readers, apparently very different, deserves in itself another study. Notes 3 The author of Sanguo yanyi is still the subject of debate. In , it was concluded that Luo Guanzhong lived at the hinge of the Yuan and Ming ; cf.

However, some researchers continue to doubt that the Sanguozhi tongsu yanyi can be attributed to Luo Guanzhong. Lombard Salmon, "Origins of Chinese Literature". Malaise: an advertising issue of , Archipel 8, Paris, , p. Satoe tjerita jang betoel soeda kedjadian di Tiongkok pada djeman dahoeloe kala, jaitoe dari abad ke 2, dari itoengan taon masehie sampe taon Tersalin ka dalam Melajoe rendah jang banjak terpake, dari boekoe tierita bahasa Tionghoa, tjitaken jang paling baroe, 'Sanguo , or the wars between the Three Kingdoms embellished with illustrations.

A story that really happened in China in ancient times, namely in the second century, from the year to the year of the Christian era. Translated into Malay of common usage, from the latest Chinese novel appeared. The map showing the distribution of the temples, in Salmon, op. To study the stories of Sanguo Yanyi, the author only helped an English translation.

Terkarang dalem bahasa melaijoe rendah, oleh Boen Sing Hoo, poem book on animals: porcupine, horse and ox. Tjerita "Gadjah poetih radja di oetan". Possessing a good knowledge of Chinese and Malay, Tan was one of the first peranakan translators, as well as a Syair author.

Starting from nothing, Ho had grown rich thanks to the opium farm. He had also invested in other areas and donated funds for charities. Prabowo, founding member of the Party Gerindra Great Indonesian Movement was a candidate in the presidential election. The following year, Prabowo invited him to join the Gerindra Party.

But Ahok finally withdrew from Gerindra in September , as he was against the party's proposal to abolish the regional election. And it is finally, Huang Zu who killed Mi Heng because of his discourteous behavior.

Pada editor dari ini soerat kabar minggoean orang boleh kirim karangan-karangan, jang tertoelis dengen hoeraoef Tionghoa dan dengen hoeroef Latijn bahasa Olanda dan Inggris, nanti disalin ka dalem bahasa Melajoe dan dimoeat dalem weekblad ini apabila dirasa ada faedanja Sin Po, No. See Sin Po, September 2, , No. This sentence does not seem very clear, as it is not known exactly what this "natural current" means.

The author mentions especially the Khai Lam Hak Tong school, whose teaching and management were of good quality and where there was even a school doctor; cf.

Similar points of view are also found in another article "Pikiran jang kliroe" by T. The comment added by the editor Sin Po, October 22, , No. September 2, , Sin Po, September 9, , No. Subsequently, a reader, Tan Eng Phay, wrote to the newspaper to criticize this advertisement which, in his opinion, was arrogant.

The editor of the Sin Po published two letters from Tan Eng Phay and responded by defending the store. The newspaper wanted the Chinese nation to try Chinese products, especially silk products that were not inferior to European products.

See Sin Po, December 3, , No. Young Chigacia calls the Huaqiao to support their native country financially. See Sin Po, July 8, , No. An advertisement "Badean" Riddle offers questions.

The first ten participants whose answers were correct would get a bonus. The surplus money raised by other participants was to be donated to the Chinese Navy Fund and the T. See Sin Po, December 17, , no. Let us quote for example "Dengen kakoeatannja electris" With electrical energy of L. Dzepen, cf. Sin Po, October 15, , No. See Sin Po, no. Brapa abad lamanja kita poenja bangsa soeda ada di sini, itoe pembatja sampe taoe, dan kabaekan apa dan brapa banjak jang government soeda berboeat, itoe poen pembatja bisa dapet liat sendiri.

Djikaloe ada orang brani hati membilang, jang kita poenja bangsa tida wadjib dan haroes beririhati, lantaran pemerenta Olanda ada lebi perloeken pada bangsa Djawa, kerna itoe bangsa ada jang bermoela poenjain ini poelo dan itoe bangsa ada mendjadi anak-negri, soenggoe saja maoe bilang, orang jang berkata begitoe, tentoelah djoega perkataanja itoe terbit dari pikiran jang pendek sadja. Sin Po, August 12, , No. K of Batavia. Ini bakal Keizer jang awasin itoe doea orang maen telah tiada bisa tahan hatinja dan soeda bilangin pada jang satoe koetika dia ini maoe pindaken bidji dam pada tempat jang sala, hingga kaloe tiada dibilangin, tentoe ia mendjadi kala.

Itoe sebab Tan Pok Lo Tjouw minta ia toelis soerat di atas batoe besar, dimana ada ditentoeken, pendoedoek di itoe goenoeng tiada oesa bajar padjek pada negri dan begitoelah djoega soeda kadjadian, kerna kamoedian betoel-betoel Tio Kong In mendjadi Keizer.

Sin Po, October 29, , No. In No. See Sin Po, October 8, , No. Minggoean, Young Chigasia begins with "Sringkali bangsa kita soeka bilang: Negri Tiongkok ada tana aer kita. Sedeng begitoe di antara Tong Pauw masi ada banjak jang soeka menjela dan beber kabodoannja orang Tionghoa, jang dikataken tiada bisa melawan pada bangsa Europa dan sebaginja.

Perboeatan begini sabenernja ada kliroe sekali, kerna kaloe kita selidiken segala gerakan Tong Pauw kita di djeman doeloe, jang ada diriwajatkan dalem kitab Sze Kie poestaka Radja ada ternjata, ilmoe kapandean bangsa Tionghoa di itoe masa ada djaoe lebi tinggi dari kapandeannja bangsa Europa di itoe Djeman Tong Pauw Ban Ban Swee!

The quote from Napoleon is probably the well-known one: "Impossible is not French. See Sin Po, August 26, , No. Ja, maoe bilang apa? The original texts are as follows: "Nabi Khong Hoe Tjoe ada mengadjar pada oematnja soepaja bisa mengoeroes diri sendiri, dan pada sasoedahnja bisa oeroes diri sendiri, baroelah oeroes roemah tangga dan oeroes pamarentahan aken mendamiken orang sadoenia. Confucius taught in his community so that people know how to take care of themselves, and then can improve themselves, establish order in the family, manage the administration, and reconcile the men of the world.